MARITIME TERRORISM AND THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL RESPONSE: IMPLICATIONS FOR COASTAL STATES

Abstract

Maritime terrorism has emerged as a significant threat to global security, international trade, and the safety of navigation. With increasing dependence on maritime routes for economic activities, attacks on ships, ports, and offshore installations pose grave risks to coastal states. The interconnectedness of sea routes and the strategic importance of maritime infrastructure make the maritime domain a vulnerable target for non-state armed groups. This article examines the concept of maritime terrorism, the existing international legal framework governing its suppression, and the practical challenges facing coastal states in implementing effective counter-terrorism measures. It also assesses the implications of these legal responses for coastal states, particularly in terms of sovereignty, security obligations, resource allocation, and regional cooperation. It argues that while substantial legal mechanisms exist, enforcement gaps, jurisdictional challenges, and capacity constraints undermine their effectiveness, particularly in developing coastal states. The study concludes that while the international legal regime provides a broad structure for addressing maritime terrorism, coastal states must strengthen domestic implementation, enhance inter-agency coordination, invest in maritime domain awareness, and deepen regional collaboration to ensure a robust and sustainable response.