Ifediche Journal of African Studies is a multi-disciplinary journal committed to the promotion of excellence in theoretical and applied research and in the dissemination of research report as tools for learning. It receives and publishes scholarly articles in African Studies. The articles are subjected to peer-reviews and editing before they are finally accepted for publication. In the choice of articles for publication, consideration is given to quality, originality, proper organization and presentation of facts as well as to the clarity and accuracy of the facts presented. The Editorial Board also places great premium on the authors’ critical and constructive views on issues under discussion. However, opinions expressed in the book reviews are also welcomed. Ifediche Journal of African Studies holds that languages matter. Authors are therefore encouraged to write in their preferred language. English translation of abstract is however required. Articles forwarded for consideration should not have been published or submitted for publication elsewhere.