From Oral Tradition to Covenant Instruction: The Relevance of Deuteronomy 6:1–3 in the Tsam (Chawai) Worldview

Abstract

This study examines the theological and contextual relevance of Deuteronomy 6:1–3 within the Tsam (Chawai) worldview of Northern Nigeria, arguing that the passage offers both a point of resonance with indigenous oral traditions and a framework for their transformation. Drawing on insights from African theologians such as John S. Mbiti and Kwame Bediako, alongside Old Testament scholarship, the paper explores key themes in the text—communal identity, intergenerational transmission of faith, reverence for God, and holistic well-being. These themes are shown to align closely with Tsam cultural values that emphasize oral tradition, community, spirituality, and the interconnectedness of life. At the same time, the study demonstrates that Deuteronomy 6:1–3 does not merely affirm Tsam religio-cultural assumptions but critically reshapes them. The passage redirects religious consciousness toward exclusive covenantal loyalty to Yahweh, challenges the gap between inherited tradition and intentional instruction, and calls for deliberate discipleship within the family and community. Furthermore, it presents a holistic theology of life that integrates spiritual, moral, and socio-economic dimensions of well-being, thereby addressing contemporary African concerns such as moral decline, erosion of traditional values, and weakened family structures. Methodologically, the paper employs exegetical analysis of the Hebrew text alongside contextual theological reflection. It concludes that Deuteronomy 6:1–3 remains profoundly relevant for African Christianity and the Tsam people in particular, serving as both a bridge and a corrective—affirming indigenous values while calling for a deeper, covenant-centered faith expressed through obedience, justice, and intergenerational continuity.