A COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE SURVEY OF CHANGE: A RACE FOR LIFE; AN INHIBITION BY SAVAGE KINGDOMS

Ephraim Chukwu

Abstract


Change is considered a race for life and an inhibition by savage kingdoms. In carrying out this survey, the concept of change is determined and equated with revolution, a higher and/or a radical change. By this merger, the paper surveys change as political, economic and socio-cultural upheavals that rock Europe in the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries and substitute monarchical hegemony in America, France and Russia, as well introduce fundamental industrialization which places Europe at a pedestal higher than other nations. It also surveys change as savagery meted to non-industrialized continents of Africa, Asia and other parts of the globe, wherein spearheaded by Britain, the industrialized nations embark on colonialism, convinced by social Darwinism, that they are “most fit” to rule the “less fit”. Slavery-colonialism-neocolonialism become policies for this superiority, against which African and/or Asian leaders continue to initiate changes favourable to the economic mainstay of Europe, the United States, and Russia. This work as well surveys how the barrage against Judaeo-Christian Samaritanism and attitudinal turnaround enforced by Nigeria’s change mantra complement planned inhibition, by savagery, to erase divine truth and make the ruled docile to the innovation enriching the West. The theory of communicative competence – whose conceptual distinctions: linguistic competence, sociolinguistic competence and strategic competence, pari passu – provides the skills for this survey. This paper highlights, therefore, that change with its management has ever been walking hand-in-hand with man, favouring few and disfavouring the majority.

 

 


Full Text:

pdf

References


Emefiene Ezeani. In Biafra Africa Died: The Diplomatic Plot (2nd ed). London: Veritas Lumen Publishers, 2013.

Festus C. Onuegbu and Handson, Idara Aniefiok. “The Role of U.S. and her multinational Private Companies in the Nigeria-Biafra War: Beyond the Threshhold of Neutrality” in Ogirisi: A New Journal of African Studies, Vol 12, 2016

Frederick C. Mish (ed). Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary (11th ed). Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster Inc, 2004

Gloria K. Fiero (Book 5) “Romanticism, Realism and the Nineteenth Century World” in The Humanistic Tradition (3rd ed). New York: McGrawHill, 1998

George Yule. The Study of Language (2nd ed) Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2002.

J. D. Fage. An Introduction to the History of West Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1964.

Joseph E. Harris. Africans and their History (rvd ed). New York: Penguim, 1987.

William Shakespeare. Julius Caesar. Ed: H. M. Hulme. London: Longman, 1979.

M. C. Njoku. “The Paragraph” in The Use of English for Higher Education. (ed) Benson Omenihu Oluikpe. Onitsha: Africana, 1985.

R. A. Hudson. Sociolinguistics (2nd ed). Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2001.

William Golden. Lord of the Flies. London: Faber and Faber, 1990.

Websites

“French Revolution 1787 – 1789: Causes of the French Revolution”, Encyclopaedis Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/event/French Revolution: 10 June 2017.

“French Revolution”: www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/French Revolution: 10 June 2017

“Biography/Napoleon Bonaparte”: https://www.biography.com/people/napoleon – 942029I: 10 June 2017.

“Russian Revolution of 1917”, Encyclopaedia Britannica:https://www.britannica.com/event/ Russian Revolution – of – 1917: 12 June 2017.

The Bolshevik Revolution: 1917 Russian Revolution Facts & Summary – www.thenagain.info/ webchron/EastEurope/OctRev.html – 12 June 2017.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.