CAN and the Ecumenical Journey in Nigeria: A Retrospective Analysis

Abstract

The persistence of heresy and schism remains a formidable challenge to the unity of the Christian Church, threatening its theological integrity and ecclesial witness. This article explores the historical and theological foundations of the ecumenical movement, situating its roots in pivotal milestones such as the 1910 Edinburgh Missionary Conference and the 1964 Second Vatican Council, which continue to serve as enduring reference points for global Christian unity. Against this backdrop, the study focuses on the African context, with particular emphasis on Nigeria, where ecumenical engagement has been shaped by both promise and difficulty. The research employs a comparative and historical literature review, covering scholarly contributions from 1960 to 2023, in order to evaluate theological reflections and practical initiatives toward Christian unity. The analysis highlights influential theological perspectives that conceive ecumenism as a “brotherhood” rooted in unity and underscores the cultural embeddedness of African Christianity and its implications for interdenominational cooperation. The findings reveal that significant strides have been made through institutional efforts, particularly the establishment of the All-Africa Conference of Churches and, within Nigeria, the Christian Council of Nigeria and the Christian Association of Nigeria. These organizations represent concrete, though imperfect, steps toward interdenominational unity and shared witness. However, theological divergences, denominational rivalries, and sociopolitical influences continue to pose substantial obstacles to sustained ecumenical progress. The study concludes that these enduring challenges highlight the continued relevance of Christ’s high-priestly prayer in John 17:21, which calls for visible unity among his followers. It recommends that future ecumenical engagement in Nigeria and Africa more broadly should integrate sustained theological scholarship, inclusive dialogue among diverse traditions, and context-sensitive praxis capable of addressing both doctrinal and socio-cultural barriers. Only through such intentional and collaborative efforts can the ecumenical vision of authentic Christian unity be progressively realized on the continent.